Ecological Problems in Astana Osmanova Anzhelika Repnikova Yekaterina Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research Introduction to Environmental Studies Instructor: __ Aliya Nurtaeva______ Ecological Problems of Astana Nowadays the problem of ecological conditions of Kazakhstan is considered to be one of the most important issues in our country. Of course, the question concerning ecology is very weighty in all areas of Kazakhstan but the ecological conditions of the capital should be considered as the most significant ones. This statement is very easy to substantiate. The President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbaev, noticed that Astana has a great potential to compete with the brightest cities in the world, therefore it should be in top 30 of the best cities. According to Nursultan Abishevich, Astana, as an example of political and economical stability, as a center of the state should become one of the ecologically cleanest places in the world and to show other Kazakhstani cities an example of ecologically clean area. In spite of the fact that Astana is situated in a very convenient geographical area and its constantly blowing winds whisk away a large part of pollution, recent statistics shows that there are big problems in Astana ecology. Population Growth as a Beginning of the Problems In present time the question of ecology of Astana is very contradictory because it is very difficult for the fast-growing city to save its ecological conditions in a norm.

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Today, during the era of technological progress, Astana, as well as many other big cities, experiences an explosion in diverse aspects of its development. According to “Ecolog”, the population of Astana has increased by three times during the last ten years. Sadybek Tursunov, the deputy of Mazhilis, a chair of the commission after human rights, in his first speech to the Government said that ecological problems of Astana must stay on a foreground. He mentioned that population of Astana has already reached 1 000 000 people and this fact, of course, had an effect on the ecological situation of the city.

The arisen situation of constantly increasing population in Astana leads to an increase in the number of cars on the roads and, of course, becomes the core of the biggest environmental problems in the capital. Referring to recent statistical data the average number of cars in Astana in 2007, in comparison with 2000, rouses by 5 times and reached 200 thousand (Shimanskiy, 2008). There is no doubt that this fact has affected the ecology of the city, especially in two ways: air and water pollution. Air Pollution As Duman Karzhaspaev, the head of the administration for the control after legality in governmental actions, stated, “air conditions in Astana could be considered as unfavourable”.

Referring to the statistics given by public prosecution office, the air pollution index grew up from 1.5 to 4.3 during the last ten years. A bit later Karzhaspaev mentioned a stunning number of the same index which considerably increased during the last 4 months in 2008 and reached its peak of 9.31 units. (Shimanskiy, 2008) It is not difficult to imagine what will happen with the ecological situation of Astana if trends of pollution are the same. On the basis of the figures mentioned above, it is possible to say that such a sharp increase in the pollution index is closely connected with the fact of a growth in a number of cars in the capital.

Environmental issues in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has serious environmental issues such as radiation from nuclear testing sites, the shrinking of the Aral sea, and desertification of former agricultural land. These issues are due in large part to Kazakhstan's years under the Soviet Union. Partly because of the country's enormous semi-arid. Certain problems arise when using sources originally written in. Russian, Kazak, German. Soviet method Kazakh for Kazak and I have decided to use this form too. Topics, and briefly discussed below, it is more critical to understand. Johnson recognized four types based upon ecological considerations.

What is more, most of the automobiles’ engines are far from the standards of Europe, in other words, the emissions exhaled by the existing engines in Astana contain more hazardous substances than, for example, ordinary cars in one of the European countries the engines of which are built within the Euro-3 standards and do not pollute air to the same extent as Astana cars. (Shimanskiy, 2008) In addition to these facts, there is no development of ecologically clean transport in Astana (Satybaldy, 2008).