Crude oilCrude oil is a liquid formed from tiny sea creatures and plants that died millions of years ago. It contains a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is the raw material for many fuels and plastics. Crude oil into fractions. As you might expect, we do not need as much of some fractions as others. The fractions that provide us with fuel for cars are in great demand.

But we just don't use so much of the heavier fractions, so chemists have found ways to meet the demand for petrol by producing this from the heavier hydrocarbons. The heavier fractions contain large. CatalystA catalyst is a substance that alters (usually speeds up) the rate of a chemical reaction, but remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of the reaction. Catalyst, and they break down into smaller molecules. (A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of the reaction.) Look at an example of cracking below: C 10H 22(g) C 8H 18(g) + C 2H 4(g) Cracking is an example of a thermal decomposition reaction (in this case of an.

MoleculeA molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together. Molecule formed in the equation given for cracking in the previous section? Here's the equation again: C 10H 22(g) C 8H 18(g) + C 2H 4(g) Remember that the general formula for an alkane is C nH (2n+2). So the small molecule C 2H 4 is not an alkane.

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. Cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition. This means that large hydrocarbon molecules break into smaller molecules when they are heated. The hydrocarbons are boiled and the hydrocarbon gases are either mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature.

Its name is ethene and it is the smallest member of the family of hydrocarbons called the alkenes. Let's look at the structures of the first three members of the alkenes, shown in Fig.2 below. AtomAn atom is the smallest particle of an element that can still be defined as that element. Atom – such as hydrogen – added to each carbon atom. When all the carbon–carbon bonds are single, a molecule is said to be saturated. So while the alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, the alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Have you heard of the unsaturated oils we use to make margarine?

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These contain double bonds in their carbon chains too. Some of them are called polyunsaturates because their molecules have more than one double bond. They are a healthier option than the saturated fats we eat in butter. They are less likely to clog up your arteries with the fatty deposits that can cause heart disease. Summary Oil companies break large hydrocabon molecules down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons.

The process is called cracking. Cracking takes place at high temperatures as the large molecules pass over a catalyst. One of the by-products of this thermal decomposition reaction is ethene. Ethene (C 2H 4) is an example of a family of hydrocarbons called the alkenes.

The simplest alkenes have the general formula C nH 2n. Best autodesk inventor fusion 2013 r1 download 2016 torrent 2016 full. The alkenes are called unsaturated hydrocarbons because they all contain at least one carbon–carbon double bond. The test for an unsaturated compound is that yellow bromine water is decolorized (turns colourless).

This is an example of an addition reaction.

Word and Chemical Equations in Production of Materials Introduction This section will show all chemical equations including those that are not required for the HSC. A title will have the '(HSC)' flag if it is required for the HSC.